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Binary numeric operators: + – * / % ^ **

Unary numeric operators: ++ – –

Syntax

n + m

n++

n – –

++n

n - m

n * m

n / m

n % m

n ^ m

n ** m

--n

Description

Perform standard arithmetic operations on two operands, or increment or decrement a single operand.

All of these operators take numeric values as operands. The + (plus) and - (minus) symbols can also be used to concatenate strings.

As binary numeric operators, the +, –, *, and / symbols perform the standard arithmetic operations addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.

The modulus operator returns the remainder of an integral division operation on its two operands. For example, 50%8 returns 2, which is the remainder after dividing 50 by 8.

You may use either ^ or ** for exponentiation. For example, 2^5 is 32.

The increment/decrement operators ++ and – – take a variable or property and increase or decrease its value by one. The operator may be used before the variable or property as a prefix operator, or afterward as postfix operator. For example,

n = 5 // Start with 5

? n++ // Get value (5), then increment

? n // Now 6

? ++n // Increment first, then get value (7)

? n // Still 7

If the value is not used immediately, it doesn’t matter whether the ++/– – operator is prefix or postfix, but the convention is postfix.